Russian Station Data
Russian Version

Documentation provided by V. Radionov, edited by F. Fetterer

Overview

This Atlas includes monthly means of meteorological observation data from 65 Russian coastal and island stations for a period that includes (at a minimum) the early 1950s through 1990. (See Table 4 for details, and Table 8 for the current WMO station names for these 65 stations, as there may be differences in the transliteration of the names. Use the Atlas interface to see the length of the data record at any station for any of the parameters included in the Atlas.)

Meteorological observations were taken 24 hours a day. Observation hours were changed several times within the period of record. Observations were performed at 0700, 1300 and 2100 local solar time up to 1935; at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 local solar time for 1936 through 1965; and at 0000, 0300, 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 hours Moscow Local Time for 1966 through 1991. All times have been converted to GMT for the data set on this Atlas. A description of the surface parameters measured at the stations is presented in Table 5. Note that not all of these parameters are included on this Atlas. This Atlas contains monthly mean values for two-meter air temperature, surface pressure, relative humidity, surface (soil or snow) temperature, total cloud amount, and low cloud amount.

Meteorological observations were performed according to the Manual for hydrometeorological stations and posts [Gidrometeoizdat, 1985]. The meteorological site was 26 m by 26 m in size, and was located on relief typical of the area. It was more than 100 m distant from any bodies of water, and at a distance 20 times the height of any obstruction (such as trees or a building). Station and barometer elevations as well as the dates of installation of Tretyakov precipitation gauges (which replaced Nipher shielded gauges) are presented in Table 6. The accuracy of observations is given in Table 7. In the original data tables some gaps occurred in the period of record and other gaps were introduced due to quality control.

Average daily, 10-day, monthly, seasonal, annual and long-term values of meteorological parameters were calculated from individual observations. The meteorological parameters needed for operational applications were recorded within 24 hours on paper tape. The average monthly values of air temperature taken at 2 m, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, amount of total and lower cloud, and relative humidity were recorded at the stations, and are included in the data set on this Atlas after quality control. Quality control of the coastal and island station data was performed using the methods outlined in the section "AARI Quality Control Methods".

WMO station names

Stations are referred to throughout this Atlas by the transliteration of their Russian name provided by AARI. This, as well as the position of the station, may vary from the WMO name for the station. Table 8 shows the names and positions used on this Atlas (from AARI) along with the corresponding WMO information. The information on WMO stations was obtained on-line from the NOAA National Weather Service (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/oso/site.shtml).

Table 4. Russian coastal and island stations

Synoptic number Station Month and year the station
activity started
20026 OSTROV VICTORIYA Sep. 1959
20034 NAGURSKAYA Jun. 1952
20046 OSTROV HEISA Nov. 1957
20049 OSTROV RUDOLFA Sep. 1932
20066 OSTROV USHAKOVA Jul. 1954
20069 OSTROV VIZE Nov. 1945
20087 MYS GOLOMYANNYY Jul. 1954
20186 OSTROVA KRASNOPHLOTSKIE Oct. 1953
20274 OSTROV UEDINENIYA Sep. 1934
20277 OSTROV ISACHENKO Oct. 1953
20289 OSTROV RUSSKIY Sep. 1935
20292 MYS CHELUSKIN Sep. 1932
20294 OSTROV GEYBERGA Jan. 1952
20353 MYS ZHELANIYA Oct. 1931
20357 RUSSKAYA GAVAN Sep. 1932
20388 OSTROV PRAVDY Aug. 1940
20471 OSTROV IZVESTIY ZIK Oct. 1953
20476 MYS STERLEGOVA Oct. 1934
20665 OSTROV VILKITSKOGO Mar. 1954
20667 OSTROV BELYY Nov. 1933
20674 OSTROV DIKSON Sep. 1916
20679 UST-TAREYA Feb. 1954
20696 MYS KOSISTYY Jul. 1939
20744 MALYE KARMAKULY Jan. 1897
20766 MYS LESKINA Oct. 1934
20856 MYS KHARASAVEY Oct. 1953
20871 SOPOCHNAYA KARGA Oct. 1939
20891 KHATANGA Dec. 1928
20946 BOLVANSKIY NOS Oct. 1947
21301 OSTROV ANDREYA Oct. 1942
21358 OSTROV ZOKHOVA Feb. 1955
21405 BUKHTA PRONCHISHCHEVOY Oct. 1934
21432 OSTROV KOTELNYY Jul. 1933
21504 OSTROV PREOBRAZHENIYA Oct. 1934
21535 PROLIV SANNIKOVA Dec. 1940
21541 ZEMLYA BUNGE Oct. 1953
21611 MYS TERPYAY-TUMSA Dec. 1959
21613 OSTROV DUNAY Nov. 1954
21627 SAGYLLAH-ARY Oct. 1961
21636 KIGILYAKH Oct. 1934
21647 MYS SHALAUROVA Nov. 1928
21733 MYS SVYATOY NOS Jun. 1952
21824 BUKHTA TIKSI Aug. 1932
21825 OSTROV MUOSTAKH Sep. 1935
21849 INDIGIRSKAYA Jun. 1955
21931 KAZACHIE Jan. 1934
21955 ALAZEYA Jul. 1947
21965 OSTROV CHETYREKHSTOLBOVOY Oct. 1933
21978 VALKARKAY Oct. 1941
21982 OSTROV VRANGELYA Sep. 1926
23022 AMDERMA Dec. 1933
23032 MARRE-SALE Sep. 1914
25034 BUKHTA AMBARCHIK Oct. 1935
25042 AYON Jun. 1939
25051 PEVEK Jan. 1935
25062 MYS BILLINGSA Aug. 1935
25121 KOLYMSKAYA Jan. 1949
25123 CHERSKIY Nov. 1940
25151 CHAUN Jan. 1946
25173 MYS SCHMIDTA Sep. 1932
25282 VANKAREM Oct. 1934
25286 OSTROV KOLUCHIN May. 1941
25399 MYS UELEN Sep. 1928
25594 BUKHTA PROVIDENIYA Sep. 1934
25595 CHAPLINO Dec. 1939

Table 5. Meteorological parameters measured at the meteorological stations

Meteorological parameter Observation characteristic
Air temperature Temperature, maximum, minimum (with thermograph)
Air pressure Pressure, pressure tendency (with barograph)
Air humidity Partial pressure of water vapor, relative humidity, moisture deficit (with self-recording hydrometer)
Precipitation Measurement of amount, duration period (within 24 hours), and type of precipitation two or four times within 24 hours
Wind Direction and wind speed (with an anemorumbograph, or recording anemometer)
Cloud Amount of total and low cloud, its form and type (observation made visually)
Visibility Values of horizontal meteorological visibility by devices or visually (using landmarks)
Atmospheric phenomena Snowstorms, fogs, squalls, thundershowers, precipitation (noted by observer)
Sunlight Duration period (by heliograph)
Sheet of glaze and rime accretion Thickness and diameter of accretion
Temperature of soil or snow surface Temperature, and daily maximum and minimum
Snow cover At meteorological site: snow depth, fractional area of snow cover (daily). On snow survey course 0.5-2 km: depth and density of snow (daily and monthly)

Table 6. Station and barometer elevations (meters above sea level, or MASL) and dates of Tretyakov's precipitation gauge installation (usually replacing earlier Nipher gauge).

WMO
No
Station Station (MASL) Barometer (MASL) Installation of Tretyakov's precipitation gauge
20026 OSTROV VICTORIYA 8 9.2 10 Jan. 1960
20034 NAGURSKAYA 15 17.2 30 Jun. 1952
20046 OSTROV HEISA 20 21.0 1957
20049 OSTROV RUDOLFA 51 46.0 21 Sep. 1951
20066 OSTROV USHAKOVA 49 50.7 1954
20069 OSTROV VIZE 10 11.0 20 Apr. 1953
20087 MYS GOLOMYANNYY 7 8.0 14 Jun. 1954
20186 OSTROVA KRASNOPHLOTSKIE 8 5.6 25 Oct. 1953
20274 OSTROV UEDINENIYA 22 8.6 20 Sep. 1951
20277 OSTROV ISACHENKO 10 4.7 07 Oct. 1953
20289 OSTROV RUSSKIY 9 9.2 08 Sep. 1954
20292 MYS CHELUSKIN 13 14.2 10 Oct. 1949
20294 OSTROV GEYBERGA 6 7.5 24 Sep. 1951
20353 MYS ZHELANIYA 8 8.9 20 Jun. 1951
20357 RUSSKAYA GAVAN 18 9.4 18 Aug. 1949
20388 OSTROV PRAVDY 10 9.9 1954
20471 OSTROV IZVESTIY ZIK 11 11.9 1953
20476 MYS STERLEGOVA 10 9.4 31 Aug. 1951
20665 OSTROV VILKITSKOGO 3 3.6 01 Mar. 1954
20667 OSTROV BELYY 4 6.2 1954
20674 OSTROV DIKSON 42 47.2 01 Oct. 1949
20679 UST-TAREYA 14 16.9 19 Jan. 1954
20696 MYS KOSISTYY 20 9.5 26 Oct. 1954
20744 MALYE KARMAKULY 20 15.7 31 Jul. 1953
20766 MYS LESKINA 10 10.8 18 Oct. 1954
20856 MYS KHARASAVEY 10 11.7 01 Oct. 1953
20871 SOPOCHNAYA KARGA 4 5.8 09 Sep. 1954
20891 KHATANGA 30 33.4 1956
20946 BOLVANSKIY NOS 13 12.2 27 Mar. 1952
21301 OSTROV ANDREYA 6 5.4 03 Oct. 1952
21358 OSTROV ZOKHOVA 14 16.0 01 Jun. 1955
21405 BUKHTA PRONCHISHCHEVOY 15 5.7 1954
21432 OSTROV KOTELNYY 10 7.8 03 Nov. 1949
21504 OSTROV PREOBRAZHENIYA 24 10.6 01 Oct. 1949
21535 PROLIV SANNIKOVA 16 16.0 28 Feb. 1953
21541 ZEMLYA BUNGE 10 11.4 01 Oct. 1953
21611 MYS TERPYAY-TUMSA 12 9.3 17 May. 1956
21613 OSTROV DUNAY 5 3.4 20 Nov. 1954
21627 SAGYLLAH-ARY 1 2.9 12 Jul. 1963
21636 KIGILYAKH 26 24.7 06 May. 1951
21647 MYS SHALAUROVA 14 21.8 10 Oct. 1953
21733 MYS SVYATOY NOS 6 6.5 01 Oct. 1953
21824 BUKHTA TIKSI 6 6.7 01 Jul. 1953
21825 OSTROV MUOSTAKH 3 4.1 04 Oct. 1953
21849 INDIGIRSKAYA 2 4.1 08 Aug. 1954
21931 KAZACHIE 25 26.2 17 May. 1955
21955 ALAZEYA 2 3.9 15 Sep. 1952
21965 OSTROV CHETYREKHSTOLBOVOY 32 15.3 13 Aug. 1953
21978 VALKARKAY 4 6.3 05 Nov. 1952
21982 OSTROV VRANGELYA 2 2.0 20 Sep. 1953
23022 AMDERMA 52 46.0 1952
23032 MARRE-SALE 24 25.4 29 Aug. 1951
25034 BUKHTA AMBARCHIK 26 22.0 25 Nov. 1955
25042 AYON 16 13.0 11 Aug. 1954
25051 PEVEK 5 5.3 1953
25062 MYS BILLINGSA 4 4.4 01 Oct. 1954
25121 KOLYMSKAYA 10 15.0 1956
25123 CHERSKIY 23 24.5 28 May. 1955
25151 CHAUN 6 8.0 15 Sep. 1960
25173 MYS SCHMIDTA 3 4.4 01 Oct. 1949
25282 VANKAREM 5 6.0 23 Aug. 1954
25286 OSTROV KOLUCHIN 38 40.4 29 Aug. 1949
25399 MYS UELEN 6 7.0 1953
25594 BUKHTA PROVIDENIYA 9 11.2 04 Apr. 1950
25595 CHAPLINO 5 5.1 15 Aug. 1954

Table 7. Meteorological parameters and measurement accuracy.

Parameter Measurement (observation) accuracy
Air temperature Air temperature is measured by mercury thermometer placed in psychrometric box at a meteorological site. Measurement accuracy is equal to 0.1 °C.
Air pressure Atmospheric air pressure is measured by mercury barometer placed in stationary room at 50 to 60 cm height from floor (barometric cistern). Corrected record is written in hPa with accuracy up to 0.1 hPa. (This is given as mbar in the data set on this Atlas).
Air humidity Relative humidity is calculated by records of dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers (in summer) and by data of dry thermometer and hair hygrometer (when temperature is below -10 °C). Calculation accuracy is 1 percent.
Cloud Cloud is defined visually. Cloud amount is given in tenths; cloud forms are defined by the international Atlas of clouds; base height of low cloud border is defined visually or by IVO device with accuracy up to 50 m.
Precipitation Precipitation amount is measured by "O-1" precipitation gauge (Tretyakov precipitation gauge) twice daily (0000 and 0600 hours local time) to an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
Surface temperature Temperature of the soil or snow surface is measured by mercury thermometer and recorded to the nearest whole degree.

Table 8. Station information from AARI compared with WMO station information. Dashes indicate no match.

AARI Station number WMO Station Number AARI Station Name WMO Station Name AARI Station Latitude (dec. deg. N.) WMO Station Latitude (dec. deg. N.) AARI Station Longitude (dec. deg. E.) WMO Station Longitude (dec. deg. E.)
20026 20026 OSTROV VICTORIYA Viktoriya Island 80.15 80.17 36.77 36.75
20034 ----- NAGURSKAYA - 80.8 ----- 47.63 ------
20046 20046 OSTROV HEISA Polargmo Im. E. T. Krenkelja 80.62 80.62 58.05 58.05
20049 20049 OSTROV RUDOLFA Tikhaya Bay 81.8 80.37 57.97 52.92
20066 20066 OSTROV USHAKOVA Ushakova Island 80.82 80.83 79.55 79.7
20069 20069 OSTROV VIZE Ostrov Vize 79.5 79.5 76.98 76.98
20087 20087 MYS GOLOMYANNYY Ostrov Golomjannyj 79.55 79.55 90.62 90.62
20186 ----- OSTROVA KRASNOPHLOTSKIE - 78.63 ----- 98.72 ------
20274 20274 OSTROV UEDINENIYA Ostrov Uedinenija 77.5 77.5 82.23 82.2
20277 20277 OSTROV ISACHENKO Isachenko Island 77.15 77.28 89.2 89.67
20289 20289 OSTROV RUSSKIY Russkiy Island 77.17 77.18 96.43 96.58
20292 20292 MYS CHELUSKIN Gmo Im. E. K. Fedorova 77.72 77.72 104.3 104.3
20294 ----- OSTROV GEYBERGA - 77.6 ----- 101.52 ------
20353 20353 MYS ZHELANIYA Mys Zelanija 76.95 76.95 68.58 68.55
20357 20357 RUSSKAYA GAVAN Russkaya Gavan 76.18 76.18 63.57 63.57
20388 20388 OSTROV PRAVDY Pravdy Island 76.27 76.28 94.28 94.73
20471 20471 OSTROV IZVESTIY ZIK Troynoy Island 75.92 75.92 83.08 83.25
20476 20476 MYS STERLEGOVA Cape Sterlegova 75.42 75.4 88.9 88.78
20665 20665 OSTROV VILKITSKOGO Vilkickogo Island 73.52 73.5 75.77 76
20667 20667 OSTROV BELYY Im. M. V. Popova 73.33 73.33 70.05 70.05
20674 20674 OSTROV DIKSON Ostrov Dikson 73.5 73.5 80.23 80.4
20679 20679 UST-TAREYA Tareya Stream 73.22 73.25 89.72 90.92
20696 ----- MYS KOSISTYY - 73.67 ----- 109.73 ------
20744 20744 MALYE KARMAKULY Malye Karmakuly 72.38 72.37 52.73 52.7
20766 20766 MYS LESKINA Leskino 72.35 72.33 79.55 79.5
20856 20856 MYS KHARASAVEY Cape Kharasovoy 71.13 71.4 66.75 67.63
20871 20871 SOPOCHNAYA KARGA Sopochnaya Karga 71.87 71.9 82.7 82.72
20891 20891 KHATANGA Hatanga 71.97 71.98 102.47 102.47
20946 20946 BOLVANSKIY NOS Cape Bolvanskij 70.45 70.45 59.07 59.07
21301 21301 OSTROV ANDREYA Andreya Island 76.82 76.8 111.45 110.83
21358 ----- OSTROV ZOKHOVA - 76.15 ----- 152.83 ------
21405 ----- BUKHTA PRONCHISHCHEVOY - 75.53 ----- 113.43 ------
21432 21432 OSTROV KOTELNYY Ostrov Kotel'Nyj 76 76 137.9 137.87
21504 21504 OSTROV PREOBRAZHENIYA Ostrov Preobrazenija 74.67 74.67 112.93 112.93
21535 ----- PROLIV SANNIKOVA - 74.67 ----- 138.9 ------
21541 ----- ZEMLYA BUNGE - 74.88 ----- 142.12 ------
21611 ----- MYS TERPYAY-TUMSA - 73.55 ----- 118.67 ------
21613 ----- OSTROV DUNAY - 73.93 ----- 124.5 ------
21627 ----- SAGYLLAH-ARY - 73.15 ----- 128.9 ------
21636 ----- KIGILYAKH - 73.35 ----- 139.88 ------
21647 21647 MYS SHALAUROVA Mys Shalaurova 73.18 73.18 143.93 143.23
21733 ----- MYS SVYATOY - 72.83 ----- 140.73 ------
21824 21824 BUKHTA TIKSI Tiksi 71.58 71.58 128.92 128.92
21825 21825 OSTROV MUOSTAKH Mostakh Island 71.55 71.53 130.02 129.92
21849 ----- INDIGIRSKAYA - 71.27 ----- 150.28 ------
21931 21931 KAZACHIE Jubilejnaja 70.75 70.77 136.22 136.22
21955 ----- ALAZEYA - 70.67 ----- 154 ------
21965 21965 OSTROV CHETYREKHSTOLBOVOY Ostrov Chetyreh-Stolbovoy 70.63 70.63 162.48 162.48
21978 ----- VALKARKAY - 70.08 ----- 170.93 ------
21982 21982 OSTROV VRANGELYA Ostrov Vrangelja 70.97 70.98 181.52 178.48
23022 23022 AMDERMA Amderma 69.77 69.75 61.68 61.7
23032 23032 MARRE-SALE Maresale 69.72 69.72 66.8 66.8
25034 25034 BUKHTA AMBARCHIK Buhta Ambarcik 69.63 69.62 162.3 162.3
25042 25042 AYON Ajon Island 69.93 69.83 167.98 168.67
25051 ----- PEVEK - 69.7 ----- 170.25 ------
25062 ----- MYS BILLINGSA - 69.88 ----- 175.77 ------
25121 25121 KOLYMSKAYA Koljmskaja 68.68 68.73 158.72 158.73
25123 25123 CHERSKIY Cherskij 68.8 68.75 161.28 161.28
25151 25151 CHAUN Caun 68.88 68.8 170.78 170.67
25173 25173 MYS SCHMIDTA Mys Shmidta 68.92 68.9 180.53 179.37
25282 ----- VANKAREM - 67.83 ----- 184.17 ------
25286 ----- OSTROV KOLUCHIN - 67.48 ----- 185.37 ------
25399 25399 MYS UELEN Mys Uelen 66.17 66.17 190.17 169.83
25594 25594 BUKHTA PROVIDENIYA Buhta Providenja 64.42 64.42 186.77 173.23
25595 ----- CHAPLINO - 64.4 ----- 187.75 ------