Synoptic Meteorology

Synoptic meteorology is the study and analysis of weather information obtained simultaneously over a wide area. Observations are collected simultaneously in order to obtain a comprehensive and nearly instantaneous picture of the state of the atmosphere.

Synoptic weather observations are made periodically (usually at three-hourly and six-hourly intervals as specified by the World Meteorological Organization). Information collected about weather is shared worldwide via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS).

A synoptic chart is a map presenting data and analyses that describe the state of the atmosphere over a large area at a given moment in time. Synoptic-scale weather is characterized by migrating storms, air masses, and fronts, such as those highlighted on television and newspaper weather maps.

The objective of synoptic meteorology is to forecast weather. Forecasting the weather is a complicated and expensive process, with forecasters requiring extensive training to be able to make accurate predictions. Weather forecasters use data about wind patterns, temperature, moisture, and pressure prevailing across the globe to predict developing weather patterns. Computer-based numerical models are used to create short-term (24 hour to 48 hour) forecasts and extended range predictions for three days or more.

The example below shows a synoptic chart of sea level pressure and fronts for 28 August 1980. Of note in this example is the deep low pressure system, or cyclone, centered in the Beaufort Sea. Weaker lows are found over Eurasia, Scandinavia and Baffin Island.

Synoptic Chart

Frontal symbols legend

Example of a synoptic chart for 28 August 1980. (Serreze and Barry 1988)